The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 2022;11(4):224-232 DOI:10.31254/phyto.2022.11401

Research Article

Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) Essential Oil Ointment Enhances Healing of Excision Wounds in Rats

Esther Oluwatoyin Agbaje¹ , Omiyale Olumakinde Charles¹

Esther Oluwatoyin Agbaje,Omiyale Olumakinde Charles

1. Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba-Lagos, Nigeria

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 1st May, 2022 / Accepted: 18th July, 2022

Abstract

Wound healing remains a challenging clinical problem, and correct, efficient wound management is essential. Various formulations of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) is used in the folk medical therapeutics of Africa due to their anti-inflammatory effects and ethnomedicinal claims. Objective To evaluate the re-epitheliazation, rapid wound healing and antioxidant activities of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) leaves essential oil (SMEO) through excision in vivo model. Thirty-eight male rats weighing 250 ± 20g were used. Random grouping into n=6 rats; Group 1 received 50µL of 1% SMEO, Group 2 received 0.1% of DMSO and Tween 20 (Control), Group 3 received Dermazin® ointment, Group 4 was untreated, Group 5 received 50µL of 10% SMEO, Group 6 received 50µL of 15% SMEO, were treated for 14 days. In vivo wound healing rat model was employed with tissues of two rats harvested per group on the 3^rd, 10^th and 14^th days after excision for histological analysis. The SMEO of (25–100 ?g/ml) was passed through DPPH, Nitric oxide, Reducing power assays. The antioxidant assays showed scavenging of species in close comparison with standard in a dose dependent manner. The essential oil showed promising results even at low concentration of 1%. The 10% and 15% wound contraction progression showed efficiency over the standard. Macroscopic observation and Histological analysis revealed a significant wound healing process of the treatment groups compared to the vehicle-treated and unwounded controls, after the 3^rd, 7^th and 14^th day. The essential oil showed ability to initiate re-epithelization, proliferative stimulation of new blood vessels, collagen fiber synthesis and overall improved wound healing better than the standard (Dermazin®), therefore, a possible presentation as lead for drug development.