The Journal of Phytopharmacology 2024; 13(4):286-293 DOI:10.31254/phyto.2024.13403

Review Article

Addressing the Global Challenge: Strategies for Cervical Prevention and Early Detection within WHO's 90-70-90 Framework

Mohd Mustafa¹ , Misba Naim² , Mudassir Alam³ , Kashif Abbas³ , Waleem Ahmad⁴ , Neda Tufail⁵ , Irfan Qadir Tantry⁶ , Sidra Islam⁷ , Hamda Khan⁵ , Rizwan Ahmad⁵ , Nazura Usmani³ , Moinuddin⁵ , Safia Habib¹

Mohd Mustafa,Misba Naim,Mudassir Alam,Kashif Abbas,Waleem Ahmad,Neda Tufail,Irfan Qadir Tantry,Sidra Islam,Hamda Khan,Rizwan Ahmad,Nazura Usmani,Moinuddin,Safia Habib

1. Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Glocal Unani Medical College, Glocal University, India
3. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
4. Department of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
5. Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
6. Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
7. Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 14th May, 2024 / Accepted: 29th July, 2024 / Published : 31st August, 2024

Abstract

Cervical cancer represents a substantial global health issue, standing as the third most prevalent cancer globally and the principal cause of cancer-associated mortality in women, with an uneven burden shouldered by less developed countries. Despite being the most preventable malignancy, with nearly all cases attributed to HPV infection, which has a lifetime cumulative risk of 80% through sexual transmission, cervical cancer remains a pressing issue. National cervical cytology screening programs have been implemented to identify cervical abnormalities, lesions, and early malignancies in eligible women. However, the utilization of screening techniques is declining, and due to resource constraints, screening schemes have not been adopted in less-developed economies. Several nations have embraced alternative screening techniques, such as Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA), which have shown impacts on mortality and morbidity rates. With the rising accessibility of efficacious HPV screening and self-testing, there will be a necessity to reconfigure existing cervical screening programs. Furthermore, preventative HPV vaccination is an integral part of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Strategy to Expedite the Eradication of Cervical Cancer as a Public Health Issue, necessitating the restructuring of vaccination endeavors. This review article evaluates potential techniques for detecting precancerous lesions within the context of the WHO's 90-70-90 global policy for cervical cancer prevention and early diagnosis. The incidence and mortality rates are examined, highlighting the effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention efforts.